what are xenobiotics

The xeno in xenobiotics comes from the Greek word xenos meaning guest friend or foreigner. The sad part is that most of xenobiotic contamination is produced by man.

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. The liver is a major site for xenobiotic metabolism. Pharmacogenetics defined as the identification and functional characterisation of polymorphic genes that encode xenobiotic metabolising enzymes and transporters that may result in altered enzymatic cellular and clinical responses to xenobiotics. Xenobiotic compounds are man made chemicals that are present in the environment at higher concentration.

The literature review presents data on the effect of organic and inorganic compounds the so-called main xenobiotics lead mercury on children and adolescents. Xenobiotic is a term used to describe chemical substances that are foreign to animal life and thus includes such examples as plant constituents drugs pesticides cosmetics flavorings fragrances food additives industrial chemicals and environmental pollutants. A pharmacologically endocrinologically or toxicologically active substance not endogenously produced and therefore foreign to an organism.

Most pharmacological agents are lipophilic and their elimination from the body is facilitated by enzymatic modifications to render them more hydrophilic. Certain xenobiotics are very toxic eg cyanide and some xenobiotics are not so much toxic even sufficient amounts of these are administered. Before proceeding along these lines of thought it is important to point out that the.

Xenobiotics are foreign chemical substances reported in an organism which do not occur naturally or normally in that targeted organism. The toxic effects of xenobiotics cover the wide spectrum. The majority of metabolic activity within the cell necessitates the presence of energy cofactors and enzymes.

Xenobiotics are chemicals that an organism is exposed to that are not part of its regular metabolism. GC methods need compounds that are volatile or semi-volatile such as toluene xylene and. Xenobiotics in animals include substances produced by the organism as well as substances accumulated by the organism from its environment.

A chemical compound such as a drug pesticide or carcinogen that is foreign to a living organism Other Words from xenobiotic. Many xenobiotics might reach dangerous levels if they were not broken down by metabolism. Xenobiotic substances are an issue for sewage treatment systems since they are many in number and each will present its own problems as to how to remove them and whether it is worth trying to Some xenobiotics substances are resistant to degradation.

Environmental pollutants hydrocarbons food additives oil mixtures pesticides other xenobiotics synthetic polymers carcinogens drugs and antioxidants are the major groups of xenobiotics. Pertaining to association of two animal species usually insects in the absence of a dependency relationship as opposed to parasitism. Oxidation of xenobiotics in plants Enzyme Cytochrome P-450 Peroxidase Introduction While the biotransformation reactions of xenobiotics in animals are well known information on the plant systems is scarce.

Xenobiotics such as polychlorinated biphenyls PCBs polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs and trichloroethylene TCE accumula. Xe no bi ot ic ˌze-nō-bī-ˈä-tik ˌzē- -bē- Definition of xenobiotic. They also can be man-made.

The first one is cell injury which can result in cell death. The term Xenobiotic comes from the Greek for xeno foreign and biotics of or pertaining to life. Three general types of effects are mentioned here and shown in Fig.

Xenobiotics are molecules that are introduced into the body from the environment and subsequently metabolized by the body. It is noted that the effect of each heavy metal is different. Xenobiotics are compounds that are foreign to an organism or are not part of its normal nutrition.

Xenobiotics can be natural substances occurring in plants other animals or the environment. Several differences in the biotrans formation of xenobiotics between animals and plants have been suggested. This discrimination is artificial however since it has become apparent that while endobiotic metabolizing enzymes can also metabolize drugs and other foreign compounds xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme systems play a role in normal endogenous metabolism.

Sahar Jamialahmadi Studied Biology 3 y. These are either not produced naturally or are. Chromatographic analysis of xenobiotics are used for separation and determination of compounds with similar chemical structures in the air ground in surface water sludge soil matrices food and food products and in human and veterinary health care.

The xenobiotic compounds are either not produced naturally or are produced at much lower concentrations than man. Xenobiotics are all those elements and compounds that have a chemical structure that could not have arisen naturally said compounds have been the product of a previous development by the man in laboratories equipped and specialized in this field this way it is it is called synthetic compounds and their purposes can be of all kinds as for the. Some naturally occurring chemicals endobiotics become xenobiotics when present in the environment at excessive concentrations.

Therefore only their total assessment blood urine saliva hair biolog. Xenobiotics are chemicals found but not produced in organisms or the environment. Some xenobiotic substances are concentrated in animals at higher levels than those observed in the environment in a process referred to as bioconcentration and bioaccumulation.

29 rows Xenobiotics are defined as chemical compounds that are present in but foreign to biologic. Examples of Xenobiotics are compounds that include drugs food additives and environmental pollutants. Xenobiotic compounds are man-made chemicals that are present in the environment at unnaturally high concentrations.

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